Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay similar to 3500 cal a BP

doi:10.1002/jqs.3468

	Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay similar to 3500 cal a BP
	Fan, Jiawei 1,2,3; Xu, Hongyan 1; Jiang, Hanchao 1,2,3; Wei, Xiaotong 1; Shi, Wei 1; Guo, Qiaoqiao 1; Zhang, Siqi 1; Bai, Xianzhou 4; Liu, Xingqi 5; Xiao, Jule 6,7,8
	2022-08-16
Source Publication	JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
ISSN	0267-8179
Pages	15
Abstract	It is strongly debated whether the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are in-phase, anti-phase or out-of-phase, and how hydroclimatic changes in the above two climate systems affected trans-Eurasian cultural exchanges during the late Holocene. In this study, we establish a 3500-a-long paleoclimatic sequence based on high-resolution analyses of sedimentological and geochemical data of a well-dated sediment core from Yileimu Lake in southern Altay. High percentages of the >63-mu m fraction and high values of Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios indicate strong transport of weakly weathered, coarse sediments into the depocenter of the lake caused by enhanced surface runoff and catchment erosion associated with a wet climate, and vice versa. High values of Ca and total inorganic carbon (TIC) contents imply increased precipitation of endogenic carbonates in the lake water under intense evaporation associated with a dry climate, and vice versa. This new record indicates two wet intervals at 3500-2300 and 600-100 cal a BP, interrupted by a severe and prolonged dry interval from 2300 to 1000 cal a BP, and a mild dry interval with occasionally wet conditions from 1000 to 600 cal a BP. These results are broadly consistent with other paleoclimatic records in Westerlies-dominated Asia and are generally anti-phase with those in the EASM region. We suggest that a strengthening/weakening and southward/northward migration of the Westerlies during a negative/ positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) transported more/less water vapor into arid Asia. Meanwhile, a decreasing/increasing El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) superimposed on a southward/northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) triggered a weakening/strengthening and southward/northward movement of the West-Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), resulting in decreasing/increasing EASM intensity. In addition, the wet climate from 3500 to 2300 cal a BP may have contributed to the development of nomadic herding in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altay region, and to the opening of the proto-Silk Roads. Potentially, intense seismic activities in the Altay Mountains similar to 3500 cal a BP may have also promoted the opening of the proto-Silk Roads by forcing the herdsmen to move to the inter-mountainous basins. The strong EASM intensity from 2300 to 1000 cal a BP in eastern China may have contributed to the creation of the ancient Silk Roads by the Han Dynasty. (C) 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keyword	East Asian summer monsoon North Atlantic Oscillation Silk Roads Westerlies West-Pacific Subtropical High
DOI	10.1002/jqs.3468
Funding Organization	National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China
WOS Keyword	NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION ; HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES ; QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU ; ARID CENTRAL-ASIA ; DAIHAI LAKE ; FUYUN FAULT ; ICE-AGE ; LACUSTRINE RECORD ; INNER-MONGOLIA ; GENGGAHAI LAKE
Language	英语
Funding Project	National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration[IGCEA2009] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFA0603400] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41931181]
Funding Organization	National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China
WOS Research Area	Physical Geography ; Geology
WOS Subject	Geography, Physical ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS ID	WOS:000840772600001
Publisher	WILEY
Citation statistics
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.iggcas.ac.cn/handle/132A11/108414
Collection	新生代地质与环境院重点实验室
Corresponding Author	Fan, Jiawei
Affiliation	1.China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduct Natl Obse, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.China Earthquake Adm, Urumqi Inst Cent Asia Earthquake, Urumqi, Peoples R China 4.Sichuan Geol Survey, Chengdu, Peoples R China 5.Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing, Peoples R China 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, CAS Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China 7.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China 8.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth & Planetary Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Fan, Jiawei,Xu, Hongyan,Jiang, Hanchao,et al. Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay similar to 3500 cal a BP[J]. JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE,2022:15.
APA	Fan, Jiawei.,Xu, Hongyan.,Jiang, Hanchao.,Wei, Xiaotong.,Shi, Wei.,...&Xiao, Jule.(2022).Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay similar to 3500 cal a BP.JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE,15.
MLA	Fan, Jiawei,et al."Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay similar to 3500 cal a BP".JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (2022):15.

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